(*fragmentary*). Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. Boston House, Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. See our A-Level Essay Example on To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?, British History: Monarchy & Politics now at Marked By Teachers. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. - Leith blockade. Elizabeths legitimacy becomes a problem because of this marriage. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. What happened to Elizabeth I in 1554? - Answers Cleopatra, Queen Victoria and many more. The Pope, as head of the Catholic Church, could rally support for these plots and for some Catholics, obeying the Pope was more important than obedience to Elizabeth. This meant that England had suffered economically as they were not generating any income from Calais. Elizabeth I: facts for kids - National Geographic Kids The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule Elizabeth had two main problems concerning France: She inherited a bad relationship with France from her predecessor Queen Mary I. France were. As the closest person to God in the eyes of the Catholics, obeying the Pope was of paramount importance and this meant Elizabeth had to be suspicious of other Catholic threats at home. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. Problems faced by Elizabeth I in 1558 - YouTube This helps to explain why Elizabeth had to deal with so many plots, the intention of which was to replace Elizabeth with Mary. Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . Spain and France were the major European powers. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. - rebelling of scottish lords. This meant her ability to govern from the outset was immediately hampered. - The threat increased by the fact that Spain and France were catholic, but Elizabeth had chosen to move her country towards Protestantism. West Yorkshire, The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. The Situation on Elizabeth's Accession | Mind Map - GoConqr How successful was Elizabeth I in dealing with foreign policy - StudyMode This meant that Elizabeth was declared illegitimate as her claim to the throne comes through the marriage of Anne to Henry. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. Tudor Brief Essay Plans Flashcards | Quizlet Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. There were two important reasons why France was seen as a threat to England. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. Boston House, I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. Student / Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . The attack was a success. LS23 6AD She was a Protestant. The early Tudors, 1485-1558 | Institute of Continuing Education (ICE) There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. This increased tension between England and Spain. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. VAT reg no 816865400. What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. The reasons for, and consequences of, the English victory. By instinct, Elizabeth was a The failure of the colonisation was due to: the resistance of the Native Americans; conflict amongst the English settlers (who collectively had the wrong mix of skills to make the settlement a real success); the loss of supplies via the damage incurred on The Tiger and the fact that the voyage set off too late for crops to be planted (causing dependence on the rightfully suspicious Native Americans). Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Elizabeth I: a biography. This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. From allies to enemies: Queen Elizabeth and King Philip - History The Northern Earls staged a rebellion (1569) centred around Mary, aiming to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, raising tension between the two monarchs. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. Elizabeth I inherited a position of war with France, which was declared by Mary in 1556. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. LS23 6AD The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. They Schools can qualify for all our resources for free. This delayed the Spanish attack and gave the English more time to prepare (hence the attempted invasion of the Armada one year later in 1588). A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). . "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. Challenges To Elizabeth At Home And Abroad - Learndojo.org The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. He also used double agents to infiltrate Catholic networks. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. - death of henry II. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. he could also overthrow her. PDF GCSE History Elizabethan Age, 1558-1603 Revision guide Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. [This is a confident answer because it selects two reasons and links them together, showing a clear conceptual focus as well as wide-ranging knowledge]. As Phillip was a devout Catholic, he disliked Elizabeths religious settlement and Protestanism. The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . to answer the Section Focus Question: On November 1569, the Earls managed to capture Durham and proceeded to celebrate Catholic Mass in the Cathedral before marching south in the direction of Tutbury, Derbyshire where Mary was imprisoned. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. Register for free, Home / James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. Importantly too, Elizabeths fear of the Auld Alliance was heightened by the fact that the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, had declared herself the legitimate Queen of England (owing to the fact that she was Elizabeths second cousin and the granddaughter of Henry VIIIs sister Margaret) and she had the support of many English Catholics. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. In 1565 the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire proposed that Elizabeth marry Archduke Charles of Austria. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Mary's Catholicism and previous alliance with France increased the threat of a French invasion in support of her, which threatened the stability of Elizabeth's kingdom. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. Elizabeth therefore committed actions that helped undermine the Spanish whilst ensuring England did not become fully embroiled in the conflict. When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. Foreign Affairs / Overview of Elizabeth I / Historical Association Elizabeth also felt she had no right to execute a legitimate monarch but also, executing a queen could set a dangerous precedent that could undermine her own claim to rule by Divine Right and fuel more plots against her. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. Boston House, Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. PDF Elizabethan England 155888. (Paper 2) Model - The Oakwood Academy The invasion failed, however. . Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. By the 1580s, the relationship between England and Spain was at its lowest point and the tension was at boiling point. She managed these difficulties with great pragmatism and opportunism, reducing the threat of invasion. English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. 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Mary | Biography & Facts | Britannica [This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus]. Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion.
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