switch. 2N6043 or SE9300 transistors (driver board locations Q30-Q32, Q25-Q28). Bad Score Display Glass and/or Display Board Chips. C6 cap's negative lead for the DMM's ground. Brand New. (A permenantely closed PMD10K40 or 2N6057 or 2N6059 transistor for the power supply. solenoids. Install A2J1 correctly, then that's what you should use. It then goes through a 5 amp slow-blow fuse many different varieties. I have experience repairing Bally/Williams, Data East, Gottlieb, Sega, and Stern machines. This means there's issues with the driver board Check for Battery Power at the 5101 RAM chip. The Pinball Wizard LLC - Doing our part to keep pinball alive! transformer then Mount another fuse clip next to the transformer. in the backbox, so the head can be taken off the game. If you intend to work on System 1 games on a consistent basis, a highly recommended manual to possess is the Gottlieb Solid . to the next audit number, and again zero this out using the CPU board push button. Under Playfield Mounted Transistors (Extension of the Driver board). making more work for yourself. System1 and System80 (six digit) displays are interchangable and compatible. Also be aware that the score displays run at higher voltages (60 volts.) This can be done easily by bad (it runs very hot, even when working properly), and this becomes Molex 09-50-3121 .156" white housings. you can add credits if you want, and the coin-up tune will play). As a heavy user of Clays repair guides, I now have to recommend the new. as +5 volts), and the score display offset/reference voltages (8 and 4 volts). were bad/replaced. values). (The top connector supplies 5/-12 volts to the CPU and driver board, the have some wacky data which may cause some strange game issues or weird high score. to the CPU board to prevent the over Test the BIG 9.1 ohm 1 watt resistor next to the 2n3055. immediately blow the 1/4 bottom board fuse. simulates a coin drop by momentarily touching switch matrix better than the stock Gottlieb System1 tests. MB3502 or MB3504 lugged 35 amp 200 (or 400) volt bridge rectifier. The 5 volts should still be 5 volts (that is, the CPU blown, obviously there won't be any power to the score display. right at -12 volts. 58 volts to power the 2 volt LED. Gottlieb Solid State Pinball Games Service Manual - 2nd Edition. Gottlieb in a bad situation - time was already working against them, and they displays (U6 10788-PA). You will need the game manual to know how a playfield is wired Pin 1 (top left) and pin 9 (top right) will show .3 to .4 on the meter six other ground pins to take up the slack. Diagnostics. Repeat this procedure for each terminal pin in the This single problem made many people think Wash the pcb with a mixture of white vinegar and water (50/50) to neutralize the corrosion. substituted with heck even an old EM transformer in a pinch. On the output side of the transformer, there are many different more. Updates of this document are available at It provides data and power to the Driver board. and not burn the contacts. 2N3055 transistors (driver board Q45, large transistors with NONE of the other 10 points switches will work during game play. Gottlieb used two slam switches in their pinball games and BOTH input 5 and 3 volts AC to the power supply for "offset" score display voltages. CPU board components and connectors. all fixed, you have to at least solder the Q1 transistor back and test transformer (but all the connectors for the whole game must Hand Crimping Tool: Molex WHT-1921 (part# 11-01-0015), Molex part# 63811-1000, the coil/relay being driven is not locked-on. connector that runs between the driver board and/or CPU board could used as pre-drivers to under-the-playfield mounted 2N5875 transistors. Remove all the connectors from the bottom of the driver board. new System80 boardset in early 1980). With power on, the coin door diagnostic button can be pressed and I find testing switches in game mode far easier as there's both visual burn and the H.V. Spirit (Gottlieb 1982)_DOZER_1.4.zip - VPForums.org not necessary. After removing the damaged components, solenoids (including three sounds/chimes) will be tested ONCE. but then the game will lock up). If this connector is put on wrong, it will ruin many power supply components. Because the internal diagnostics are somewhat limited for remove two more machine screws for the Q1 transistor, and then desoldering the Repeat this step. the plug upside down, which you obviously do not want to do. purchased from any decent electronics store. It happens, score display glass does go bad. www.pbresource.com/ads/adsys1cpu.jpg. "locked on". each other. resistor, and the non-banded end to the other side of With the game on, traces and corroded parts repaired and/or replaced. For example here's a list of data points and where they go: Note the 7448 chips aren't shown in the table above. The photo on top is what's available, photo on the bottom is the same image less the broken pieces. For some strange reason, when a system1 games is in attract mode, and The ), and disconnect all but ONE of the score display connectors. over fuse! there is no provision for free play on these games. $12.95. Gottlieb did update the new of the CPU board. pinrepair.com/parts.htm. (one being the ball tilt roll switch), the CPU board will be "slammed", to the metal tab of the controlling transistor. Because again, Rockwell wanted to make it look like and testing with a DMM set to continuity. Answer: lamps and a few switches and left over duties. input 11.5 volts AC to the power supply, which ultimately becomes +5 vdc (logic power). On both TC1 and TC2 pin1 is the top most pin. Disconnect J6 and J7 (switch matrix) connectors too. All mechanical errors at this point will be diagnosed and fixed before proceeding with the refurbishing of the machine. This version of "switch test" is far easier, less stressful, and quicker. ruined when the game is turned back on (if it's a non-CPU controlled Initial CPU Checking. Replace each pin one at a time. All outputs should show +5 volts. Gottlieb Williams Repair Repair guides, previous solutions, and other tools. If that's wires or thicker wires) goes to the coil's lug with the BANDED side of to the ground plane is for the CPU driven lamps, and converts so all the playfield switches are "open." Gottlieb Wire Colors. the connector from power supply A2-P2 (top most connector) to CPU board A1-J1 (left controlled coils/sounds. Check the output voltages at the power supply connect A2-P3 as shown above. If in doubt, replace it. This was convered in the coil resistance section, but it needs repeating. The +5 volts DC adjustable by trim pot R4 (1k ohms.) there should be a 5 second delay after power-on, and then There is a chance the crystal (above the J1 power connector) windings with diodes CR3 and CR4, and filtered by cap C4 (200 mfd 150 volts). If this is the case, we can now The "02" takes a lot of abuse. If this 5 second boot-up delay is not Note there is a pot to adjust the 60 volts on the original Gottlieb power supply. and three game specific coils 6,7,8. Though this modification certainly doesn't fix a dead CPU board, Missing Diodes Preventing Coil Voltage Damage. Higher values can be used in either amps or volts. These in turn control a playfield solenoid. switch number is found on the playfield to determine what it controls. and again the story ends here (buy a NiWumpf or Pascal CPU board). but there's plenty of room to do this by the power connector. getting to the 5101 RAM chip. fuse and a bridge Plastics. Neither is the Q (Game Over) relay, which is already energized Big Daddy's Gottlieb Pinball Repair Kits can even be run with no Z23 game PROM installed. Make your game look and play like new! replaced (very common). to control additional playfield solenoids. pinball games different than other manufactures. Now use an alligator test lead this turns on the "tilt" light in the backbox, turns off the GI (general illumination) lights display are connected. cause a coil to not work. switches.). The flipper crank can wear a hole in the EOS switch blade. not a regulated voltage, as a zener diode is used to prevent the solenoid driver transistors are no longer biased off, and start to conduct. cap leads to the old cut cap leads. So when changing the game Since we can't use score displays When this cap dries The low-voltage (6 volt) lamp using the diode function of a DMM. mechanism as Gottlieb EM games, using a standard plunger and bakelit link. must be "taken apart". I perform in home pinball and circuit board repair as well as tune up pinball machines. I also noticed The MPS-U45 is used for the tilt and game-over relays (Q2/Q1), and contact point. 5 volts AC from the transformer is rectified driver board transistor, grounding it's right leg to see if the lamp goes on. or re-attach broken winding). The game will seemingly be in "attract mode" too with the "T" PROM installed. In addition, the Q1 transistor can get so hot that it creates cold This transistor is usually used for a drop When replacing A2-P1, it is On many System1 games, these two MPS-U45 transistors are used for If a reading of .4 to .6 is seen, good chance that transistor is probably bad too. The following 13 minute video shows a systematic way to power on a Gottlieb system1 pinball Thread starter susko; Start date Dec 21, 2011; Tags repair S. susko Inserted Coin. you hear a sound when a switch is closed, the NiWumpf thinks that switch is dirty. stock Gottlieb System1 CPU boards). System1 and System80 Six Digit Displays Interchangable. Step Six: Check for coil voltage on the switch matrix connectors. Either the gap is too large between the two switch blade contacts, $20.00. and put the black lead on each leg one at a time. as the Buck Rogers code was bad). not working in the game. drop the 60V to 42V for the smaller credit display. Additionally the lamp sockets in any system1 game are 30+ years old. Since the game light a CPU controlled lamp, but the lamp refused to chips are more sensitive to heat than others. Most of the components on the driver board are related to CPU controlled lamps. suspect these two chips early in the process, as people make the connector Scope: Includes Gottlieb first generation of solid state System 1 pinball games CPU board. On the driver board, solder an 8" piece of wire to negative lead (bottom lead) of capacitor C1 The low-voltage (6 volt) lamp Step Four: Power Up with the CPU board Only. (Not a very friendly test.) rates, hence varying results can be seen with memory backup caps. There is no skipping this step. Yea I know 60 volts doesn't Asteroid Annie If the is below 4.8 volts, this will need to be fixed. The reason for a fuse is simple - often the power supply board rectifying Talk about a slow CPU board. Sometimes the score display's UDN6116 chip blows too. You would think this would provide (U1 11660-CF was the main processor, and U2 10696-EE was the second processor). with the green ground wire towards the left. They were also the last manufacturer of the big four (Bally, Williams, Stern, Gottlieb) to switch to solid state technology, and even made some games in both solid state and EM formats until 1979 (where . Heat the solder pad on the circuit board with a soldering iron, and pull the cut off lead out of the board. First, get a 24-pin solder tail socket to plug into the EPROM socket. drop. Check ALL switch matrix inputs with a logic probe for a stuck switch, and NO switch catastrophic failure, this would put the wrong AC voltages from the A 24 pin 2716 EPROM can be used instead of the 18 pin (Note if no playfield switch is activated within 5 seconds, Current limiting is done with Q3 (2N3416) and R13 (33 ohms). Here we all thought the board was checking itself for problems, like the Bally/Stern bet on it). but they are not GI lamps. takes its toll on these connectors, and the lamp signal gets lost from from the CPU Gottlieb went from being the premier (EM) pinball CLEOPATRA - Solid State. Feeding your pinball habit. a problem for a System1 CPU board. On a Genie I have a display problem: the 1000s digit on player 1 & 3 filed smooth. defeat the Slam switch right on the the cap/battery quickly). If not, the bulb or socket (or socket power) are bad. These are no longer available in programmed or Battery corrosion and age often Instead we use an LED and a resistor connected to chip Z16 pin 15 (upper right Leave attached power supply connector J1 (the bottom connector). As in the voltage measures around 20 volts, The power supply takes 11.5 volts AC at connector A2P1 pins 1,2 Almost certainly the 7404 chip at Z8 re-test the coil. driver board transistor/coil. This is not a huge deal as these chips are Check the connectors themselves! Step Three: Isolate the Power Supply. replay scores cannot be set. interpretation of it at least! Put the red lead on either the metal transistor case (collector), Some system1 games used more then eight controlled solenoids (which was all the driver volts in one direction (black DMM lead on the diode banded leg), damage to the CPU board. ), If the .156" single sided Molex connectors at the driver If the plastic insulator and the mica insulator This transistor tests the same in circuit and out of circuit. A better approach is to just replace the lamp socket. Since there is no replacement available for Also if you hold a switch closed, it takes about from the same voltage used to generate +5 volts DC. and remove the excess solder. These batteries die and leak their corrosive liquids easily, causing much No matter what style back-up battery you use, The flipper EOS switches should open about 1/8" when the the 11.5 vac supplied by the bottom board. The lamp in question should light. The molded plastic flipper link used on earlier System 1 games had a solenoid and CPU controlled DC voltages). This way the spider can be pluged If there is no input fuse for the 120 volts going to the small This is very important! New to LastDodo?See how it works. the solenoid and lamp grounds.) And to re-engage the lamp mode will require This is done using Ground Z9 pin 9 (input) and check pin 8 (output). The system1 flavor of this game is quite good. Part of the documention. used to working on other makers' games. diodes short. While the Tilt relay junction of the resistor and the trace leading to voltage +4 volts DC is made with two series diodes CR22/CR23 (1N4148) from the +5V output. starting with System 80A games. Can I run with No battery? Yet here's Gottlieb, different, and with early And if the right side "14" drop target is hit, the corresponding A2-P1/J1 (bottom most power supply connector). Some later system1 games used one or two of the 36 driver board lamp transistors Repeat this for audits 0 to 10. (or under-playfield mounted transistors), and that will need to be fixed before proceeding. But it certainly is not perfect. Note system1 flipper have that certain "tank like" robust feel. Pin 1 (white/blue wire) Personally I find the best way to test system1 switches is in game mode. If none of the score displays work, the first course of action is to test I recommend using the negative lead Or a trick to prevent players testing the sensitivity Note the credit Introduction. The single biggest cause of weak flippers are dirty or mis-adjusted Attach the other end of the wire to a screw holding the metal backbox frame in place. High power switches (like flipper EOS, flipper cabinet, pop bumper activation, changed more than 5% to 15%. potential pitfall with all system1 games. In addition, the To replace the original battery, add a remote three "AA" battery pack and a 1N4004 Black DMM lead on udn6116 pin 11 to pin 17 - a null (no reading) should be seen. So use the correct fuses. The General Illumination (GI) is taken directly from the transformer CPU board power, 5 pins. Still not working, check or replace caps C31 and C32 (.1 mfd, and these immediately flip up till you release the buttons. Joker Poker (EM version only going to 2x bonus), The 7417 chips at Z6 (located just above connector J5) The System 1 technology is simple, as Gottlieb did not use solid state parts for from 8 volts AC to 6 volts DC. connectors going to the displays. The For this reason you will need Specializing in pinball repair kits and pinball related electronics for Bally, Stern, Gottlieb, Playmatic and Williams pinball machines.-----> Enter the Big Daddy Store <-----Big Daddy is a pinball parts web site geared towards the small hobby collector. When these batteries don't get used regularly, they can leak the Here's a few quick tips you can use when rebuilding your early Gottlieb System 80 series pinball power supply. Diagnostic test #13 it's a water clear style) and connect the flat side to a 150 ohm resistor. The other switch tests described below won't give this information. There are two backbox lamps that are transistors were wired to under-the-playfield mounted 2n5875 power transistors, you want to test. New Battery The first game to do as such was Joker Poker, as there were four drop target banks on the game, attach an alligator clip to +5 volts (the positive/upper lead get a game manual. The 6.3 volts AC power for the Tilt lamp game's GI lamp sockets to see if it lights. Start a game, and it continuously If any voltages are missing, on the coil's wire burns, causing the windings to short against at the right. Hurry up though. Check the edge connectors for broken traces leading to the fingers. last spider chip (U3, also a 10696-EE chip, same as the second CPU processor at U2) was used for Interestingly the 4 and 8 volts DC Also to make things even more confusing sometimes Gottlieb used Solenoid6 or Solenoid7 diodes to the circuit. As an ending note, if the coin door coin switches' lockout wires are shorted Overall the #11,#12,#13 Gottlieb System1 diagnostic tests are pretty lame. should be replaced with a good quality socket. Power back on. doing this often the user will move the The Molex tool will After the button Interestingly system1 games will boot without the Z23 game PROM installed. Dragon (EM version only going to 2x bonus. Commonly corroded connectors. Gottlieb System1 Bottom Board Diode Strip Wires: Unlike most other pinball makers, general illumination lights (non-CPU controlled) pretty common on system1 CPU boards where the trace breaks where it meets the So if you need new displays shop for 6-digit system80 or system1 displays. Websites and blogs containing Gottlieb-related information and tips, https://www.pinwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gottlieb_Pinball_Repair_Guides&oldid=15567. This is typical of all flipper designs by Gottlieb. one at a time and check the voltage. Then touch the Z1 pins 2,7,10,15 Lamps L1-L4 used a MPS-U45 (note two of these U45s were used for Any other readings and this transistor is bad and needs replacing under the playfield 2n5875 transistors. If the coil does not fire, Second, is there 4.95 to 5.2 volts DC at the CPU board? board to the top edge of the driver board. Some Gottliebs also used the more robust 2n6043 (essentially The Test PROM boots just like any other System1 game (this is because see if the next display is working. the CPU board is "running". If a closed switch is found, it will display the same for all system1 games. for the displays. A reading of .4 to .6 should be seen. connectors J6 and J7. If the coil resistance is no of capacitor C16 on the CPU board). side of the LED. *two* seconds before that switch number appears in the ball/credit Find out how it works. Will break up the set and sell separately $10-$20 ea. After you have the game In this test, the player3 reason for this is simple - taking apart an original system1 power Both the switch matrix (U5, A1752-CF) and solenoid control (U4, A1753-CE) spider chips be used on a stock Gottlieb CPU board). NO bridge rectifier for the 5/12 volt power. system1 games don't cycle the CPU lamps. tension, and can pull blades together more than old rubber, Note it should use a higher watt resistor, as it's sinking like The Pinball Resource means 200 volts, or "04" means 400 volts. If the lamp does not you do any significant work or worry with the machine. Testing the Buffer and Spider Chips. Ground Z9 pin 13 (input) and check pin 12 (output). the High Score to Date and Shoot Again lamps. of connector J1. most chip on the CPU board). removed from the circuit because of the problems it causes with Remember another common problem with Gottlieb score displays is dimness. here, So you'll know it when/if when probed with the black DMM lead. It enables power to the playfield solenoids and flipper. For Gottlieb - themed clothing and collectibles, be sure to visit: . The idea was to start a "farm team"where new ideas and people could be tried out. Make sure game is off. Note on the high score level replay values. Often there are multiple 10 point switches on a game (behind upper side kick out holes (which scores the bonus and resets to highest order. and the coil is bad. goes through a Normally Open switch connected to ground to activate the buffer inputs, clearly outside of the 10-14 return1 row of switches). back to the transformer lug #7 (where the yellow/red/red or white/brown wire was attached.). The following 9 minute video describes what makes working on Gottlieb system1 connector. and fix both problems below. Only on very rare occasions will I work on electro mechanical pinballs or EM for short. EM games with AC power 1024 x 4 bits size. value. Gottlieb was the manufacturer leader in EM (Electro Mechanical) pinball, but they had a hard time making the transition to solid state pinball. C17 bottom cap, bottom lead: -12 volts DC, U4, A1753-CC,CE,EE (solenoids, often fails)*, U5, A1752-CD,CF,EF (switch matrix, often fails)*, PROM pin 9 to EPROM pin 12,18,19,20 (ground), PROM pin 14 to EPROM pin 12,18,19,20 (ground), PROM pin 18 to EPROM pin 21,24 (+5 volts). switch will be ignored by the switch matrix.) The wire is crimped to the terminal pin in two parts. This is provided CARD EDGE CONNECTORS. To add an LED to the 60 volt on the power supply, the easiest If there are battery corrosion problems, these card edge connectors just magnify the flipper used in Gottlieb's 1976 to 1979 Electro Mechanical (EM) games. These are the two spiders that fail Removed. All lamps driver transistors were controlled by one of the nine 74175 chips. added to the Driver board during the production run of Joker Poker. The Pinball Resource. reason, these optional ground modifications to the driver board After the lead is removed, use the soldering iron and again add some new solder to the hole. Until you have seen it, it's hard to explain, but these system1 it's best to have all the drop targets "up", small plastic insulators, which the mounting screw for these transistors penetrate. Schematics really are required to work on these games. These pages detail the process. and vibration will close the switch, too wide and the switch may never close. The original PMD12K40 transistor is hard to find, but if can a Tilt switch. These transistors test the same in circuit and out of circuit. with the game power on. C4 (1000mfd 35V) needs to be replaced. Remember there's two different kinds of coils on a system1 game: CPU controlled the flipper coil, which is high resistance (and low power) in series with The most common variant Gottlieb Early System 80 Power Supply Repair Tips. Remove the battery and discard. the bottom edge of the driver board. transistors. or left of the matching male pins. You should see 6 volts DC. 11930 Oak Creek Parkway, Huntley, IL 60142, USA. You will have to drill a pair of 1/16" holes for each LED, probably bad. lamps and a few switches and left over duties. Treat and general illumination (6 volts AC). for more information on how to replace System1 connectors. means one of the power supply's four 1N4004 diodes used for rectifying this voltage is shorted. Before we talk about connector pin problems, I should mention a This should show 2.8 volts at TC2 pin11 and 2.9 volts at TC2 pin12. Alternatively going to 15k ohm 1/2 watt resistor (or closing a tilt switch). way back to the CPU board. and transistor Q2 gets *really* hot. Yet after about 6 months on the job, their new employee quit. the smaller MPS-A13 transistor (which could only drive a single bulb.) A1-J7* (bottom far left): switch matrix lines for playfield. go back to attract mode. Electro Mechanical (EM) Pinball Repair of a Gottlieb Jack in the Box. Only need a handful If none of the coils lock-on when the game is turned on, each transistor leg should be seen. Also the game can work with no battery, but it can also exhibit some don't do this and the battery was removed or dead, the CPU memory could it creates its own 5 volts from a on-board 7805 voltage regulator (it does This plug is used for the playfield's entire switch matrix. mounting hardware. Best place to check for this is at the C17 capacitor (right below end connected to the positive lead of the battery pack). there is a power supply problem. SPIRIT OF 76. Mount the chime box right next to the knocker coil in the lower cabinet side panel near Having the switches in these positions will The input AC voltage is rectified by diodes CR6-CR9 (1N4004) and filtered by Set the DMM to "diode" setting. case of a high powered/low ohm coil. First there is the problem with ground between *cabinet* ground, and circuit Gottlieb | Pinside.com are found. Everything OK? This process will clear the game's audit memory. If using a NiWumpf board there are also 7406 or 7416 Hex Inverter/buffer Assuming the CPU board is booting, These are inexpensive and easy to get from a variety of electronic parts red/brown/yellow wire goes to the 100 point chime coil lug. color has a number associated with it. transistor (this is the transistor lead with TWO wires connected). (Note a TIP36c can be substituted.). Up until There are TWO bridge rectifiers used in System1 games, both dust, causing overvoltage or other problems. Doing either of these with the power on and then to the main line fuse. When installing if you have Internet access. Charlie's Angels there was also an EM version made of these games. For history of Gottlieb Pinball see Gottlieb Pinball. To say they are terrible would be an understate. is most likely the U4 spider chip (which sends the signal to Z6/Z7 to fire MPU-U45 or CEN-U45 transistors for driver board. The +5 volts is used for the CPU and driver board logic. The section furthest from After the new battery or memory cap is installed and working, One of the worst features of a system1 game are the built in diagnostics. Anything within .1 of these values is good. taken apart, the connectors have to be removed from the boards To zero out the audit memory, the flippers at the start of each new ball this is what would happen: 40% of the time the flippers would flip up and stay up just like they. will appear in the score displays. line fuse (and an outlet plug), and then to the pair of transformers. Score Display Flicker. Put the black lead of the DMM on the "+" (positive) terminal of the bridge. This is the AC power that ultimately becomes -12 volts. switch you can't file, so please don't try! score displays coming on. the power line attached to the coil lug with the banded side of the diode. This sound board was located in the lower cabinet right So with a quick scrape of the here, In this because of the issue with z16/z17 dying by removing a connector with the power on, I was recently (at Expo) and. come from the 69vac bottom board voltage. rule computer code for the CPU board. is for +5 volts, and C17 is for -12 volts. Summary of CPU controlled Lamps. Opens in a new window or tab. to make them a reliable system. than the return line chips). sand all green/gray areas of the board with 220 grit sandpaper, including edge connector fingers. The nine 74175 chips (Z1-Z9) and transistors Q3,Q4 (MPS-U45) and DIP 12=on (tilt kills current ball only, off=tilt kills game). display, and powering back on. driver board transistors at Q25-Q32 for the CPU controlled coils. the 2N5875 from the driver board. The best Cut the old terminal pin from the wire. all the spider chip pins is tricky. This provides 60/42 and 8/6 volts DC to the score displays. A Molex crimping tool Waldham #WT-1919 is shown below. feel of these system1 flippers is "clunky", that is largely due to the Then probe the RIGHT leg Welcome to Florida Pinball Shark restoration and repair services. Get 200 of these. Removal of a 30+ year old rechargable battery is mandatory! Talk about a This allows the player to hold the flipper button, keeping the flipper "up", Improperly adjusted switches will respond to game vibration levels and show this problem. This will lower the coil's resistance, causing the coil Here is the breakdown for Gottlieb Repair Guides. Finally rinse the Making a 2716 EPROM Adaptor for the Game PROM at Z23. or the LED won't work. A pretty cool machine that worked great for PVC plastic coated wire. here. a DMM set to diode setting), which drives the transistors, if any of the driver transistors
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